A disturbing case of political déjà vu looms over the national political landscape. Its origins began here in the Big Apple on November 7, 1989, when New Yorkers elected their first African-American mayor, David Dinkins, in a close and hotly contested campaign with GOP candidate Rudolph Giuliani. Dinkins secured the Democratic nomination after a series of scandals plagued three-term Mayor Edward Koch (D).
Mayor Dinkins laid the groundwork that enabled the Big Apple to become a welcoming city for business, tourists and its citizenry. This included the rehabilitation of housing in Harlem, South Bronx, and Brooklyn, the enactment of polices that decreased the homeless population, support of the Times Square clean-up and revitalization, and significant increased in law enforcement hiring.